Skip to content
Skip to the lesson
← RoadmapDay 60 of 90System Design2h 30m

Caching: hits, misses, invalidation, and Redis

By the end of today you can decide what to cache and for how long, name the failure modes caching introduces, and explain why invalidation is genuinely one of the hard problems.

YesterdayOn Day 15 you learned a cache is a hash map allowed to forget. On Day 43 an index traded write cost for read speed. Today that trade happens across machines.

TomorrowTomorrow, scaling the database itself, when caching is no longer enough.

01

Why this matters

Caching is the highest-leverage performance tool and the most common source of confusing bugs, because a cache means the truth now exists in two places.

  • Cache patterns
  • Invalidation
  • Cache failure modes
  • Redis
  • CDNs
  • Object storage
02

Learn it

80 min

Copy this into Claude or ChatGPT. It quizzes you before it explains anything, which is deliberate. The resources under it are how you check what it told you.

Today's Master Prompt

Free · sign in

A prompt written for this day alone: your level, the exact scope, what to leave out, and an instruction to quiz you before it explains anything. Paste it into Claude or ChatGPT and it teaches you today's material.

Sign in to continueNo card, now or later.

Check it against something that is not a model

An assistant can be fluent and wrong, and on a topic you met today you will not catch it. These cover the same ground and were made by people who do this for a living, so they are what you hold the explanation up against. They are other people's work and we only link to them, so judge them for yourself.

3 hand-picked resources

Free · sign in

Videos, official docs and articles covering the same ground, each opened and annotated by hand. They are what you check the assistant against on a day you cannot yet catch it being wrong.

Sign in to continueNo card, now or later.
03

Build it

50 min

Add a cache-aside layer to your slowest endpoint using Redis. Measure latency and database query count before and after. Then make the underlying data change without invalidating, and observe stale data being served. Add invalidation, then deliberately expire a hot key under load and watch what reaches the database.

04

Recall it

20 min

Answer out loud, reveal, then mark honestly whether you had it. That score is the only thing on this page you do not get to choose.

5 recall questions

Free · sign in

Questions you answer from memory, then grade yourself against the real answer. The score is carried into the mastery rating below it, so an honest miss cannot quietly become a tick.

Sign in to continueNo card, now or later.
05

Rate it

Completion and mastery are tracked separately. Be honest, because an inflated rating only means the concept resurfaces sooner.

Mastery tracking

Free · sign in

Rate yourself against five named criteria per concept. Completion and mastery are tracked separately, and anything you rate shakily comes back automatically on a spaced schedule.

Sign in to continueNo card, now or later.
06

Recap

  • 01Caching buys speed with memory and correctness
  • 02A key expiring under load sends the herd straight to the database
  • 03A load-bearing cache is a hidden single point of failure
  • 04Invalidation is hard because you must know every place a fact lives

Your progress

Free · sign in

Mark days complete, pick up where you left off across devices, and watch completion and mastery diverge. Free, and the account exists only so ninety days of work cannot vanish with a cleared browser.

Sign in to continueNo card, now or later.